Muaj ntau hom tuab phab ntsa steel kav, thiab cov qib sib txawv ntawm cov hlau siv. Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm tib hom steel yeeb nkab kuj yuav txawv, tab sis cov yeeb nkab steel tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua tom qab kev kho cua sov.
Feem ntau muaj tsib hom kev kho cua sov txheej txheem rau tuab phab ntsa steel kav:
1. Quenching + high-temperature tempering (tseem hu ua quenching thiab tempering kho)
Tshav kub cov yeeb nkab steel rau qhov kub thiab txias, hloov cov qauv sab hauv ntawm cov yeeb nkab steel rau hauv austenite, thiab tom qab ntawd txias nws ntawm tus nqi siab tshaj qhov tseem ceeb quenching tus nqi los hloov cov qauv sab hauv ntawm cov yeeb nkab steel rau hauv martensite. Ua ke nrog kub-kub tempering, steel yeeb nkab qauv yog thaum kawg hloov mus rau hauv ib tug uniform tempered martensite qauv.
Cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog txhim kho lub zog thiab hardness ntawm cov kav hlau, tab sis kuj organically sib txuas lub zog, plasticity, thiab toughness ntawm steel kav.
2. Normalization (tseem hu ua normalization)
Tshav kub lub phab ntsa tuab ntawm cov yeeb nkab steel mus rau qhov normalizing kub, kom cov qauv sab hauv ntawm cov yeeb nkab steel tau hloov pauv mus rau hauv cov qauv austenitic, thiab tom qab ntawd txias nws nrog huab cua raws li qhov nruab nrab. Cov qauv hlau sib txawv, xws li pearlite, bainite, martensite, lossis lawv cov qauv sib xyaw, tuaj yeem tau txais tom qab normalizing.
Txoj kev no tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog kho cov qoob loo loj, ua kom muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke, tshem tawm kev ntxhov siab, tab sis kuj txhim kho hardness thiab txiav kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov yeeb nkab steel.
3. Normalization + tempering.
Tshav kub lub phab ntsa tuab ntawm cov yeeb nkab steel mus rau qhov normalizing kub kom tag nrho cov txheej txheem sab hauv ntawm cov yeeb nkab rau hauv cov qauv austenitic, ces txias nws hauv huab cua thiab koom tes nrog cov txheej txheem tempering. Cov qauv hlau feem ntau muaj xws li ferrite + pearlite, ferrite + bainite, tempered bainite, tempered martensite, thiab tempered sorbite.
Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias txoj kev no tuaj yeem txhim kho microstructure ntawm steel kav, txhim kho plasticity thiab toughness.
4. Annealing
Tshav kub ntawm cov phab ntsa tuab ntawm cov yeeb nkab steel rau qhov kub thiab txias thiab tswj nws rau qee lub sijhawm, tom qab ntawd maj mam txias nws mus rau qhov kub thiab txias nrog rau qhov cub, thiab tom qab ntawd cia lub pob zeb ntsuab txias.
Cov txheej txheem no muaj nuj nqi:
① Txo qhov hardness ntawm tuab phab ntsa steel kav, txhim kho plasticity, thiab pab txhawb kev txiav los yog txias deformation ua; Qhov thib ob yog txhawm rau kho cov qoob loo loj, tshem tawm cov txheej txheem tsis xws luag, ua rau cov qauv sab hauv thiab cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm lossis cov txheej txheem tom ntej ntawm cov yeeb nkab steel; ③ Tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv ntawm cov kav hlau uas muaj phab ntsa tuab kom tiv thaiv kev deformation lossis tawg.
5. Kev kho cov kua nplaum.
Tshav kub cov yeeb nkab steel rau qhov kub thiab txias, tso cai rau cov carbide thiab ntau yam hlau alloy kom tag nrho thiab sib npaug rau hauv austenite, thiab tom qab ntawd txias txias kom cia cov pa roj carbon thiab cov ntsiab lus hlau ua kom tsis muaj sij hawm, ua rau cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov nrog ib tus qauv austenite. .
Cov txheej txheem no muaj nuj nqi:
① Cov txheej txheem sab hauv ntawm cov yeeb nkab steel yog qhov sib xws, thiab qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov yeeb nkab tuab tuab yog zoo ib yam;
② Kev ua haujlwm tsis tsim cov tawv tawv, ua kom yooj yim rau kev ua kom txias deformation tom qab; ③ Restore lub corrosion kuj ntawm stainless hlau.